Abstract
Global warming by increased atmospheric CO2 concentration has been widely accepted. Yet, there has not been any consistent conclusion on the doubled CO2 concentration that in the future will affect plant disease incidence and severity. Blackleg disease, mainly caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is a major disease on canola production globally. Brassica napus and L. maculans have a gene-for-gene interaction, which causes an incompatible reaction between canola plants carrying resistance genes and L. maculans isolates carrying corresponding avirulence genes. In this study, B. napus varieties and lines inoculated with different Leptosphaeria isolates were subjected to simulated growth conditions, namely, growth chambers with normal environments and with controlled CO2 concentrations of 400, 600, and 800 ppm. The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentrations have no noticeable effect on the inferred phenotypes of the canola–blackleg interactions. However, the disease severity decreased in most of the B. napus–L. maculans interactions at extremely high CO2 concentration (800 ppm). The varied pathogenicity changes of the B. napus–L. maculans pathosystem under elevated CO2 concentrations at 400 or 600 ppm may be due to the genetic background or physiological differences in plants and pathogenicity differences in L. maculans isolates having different Avr gene profiles. The mechanisms by which elevated CO2 concentrations affect the B. napus–L. maculans pathosystem will help us understand how climate change will impact crops and diseases.
Highlights
Climate change is an important dynamic that will affect food production globally
The mean rating scores and their inferred disease resistance for the seedlings of B. napus varieties and lines had different variations based on the inoculum and CO2 concentrations (Table 1)
A CRISPR mutant isolate umavr7 produced from DS103 showed intermediate resistance (5.25) in B. napus variety or line 1065 under 400 ppm, reduced from a susceptible reaction (8.33, normal environment (NE); 6.67, 600 ppm; 8.00, 800 ppm)
Summary
The atmosphere’s elevated concentration of CO2 , one of the most important climate change influences, is due to anthropogenic emissions [1]. Rising CO2 can enhance the physiological performance of Brassica napus seedlings under optimal water supply [8]. Li et al (2017) reported that increased CO2 could alter green tea quality by the stimulation of primary and secondary metabolism [9]. They found that the higher concentration of CO2 could enhance photosynthesis, C:N ratio, Rubisco carboxylation activity, water-use efficiency, and final yield or quality [6,8,9,10,11]
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