Abstract
The carbothermic reduction of rutile has been investigated in the presence and absence of elemental iron under either argon or nitrogen atmospheres. Several overlapping reduction stages were evident from differential thermogravimetric analysis. The initial reduction was found to occur at a lower temperature under nitrogen than argon and at even lower temperatures when iron was present. The presence of iron resulted in the formation of iron titanium oxide, FeTiO 3, whilst the reduction proceeded via Ti 4O 7 in its absence. The Ti 3O 5 phase was only evident in the samples heated under argon with direct reduction from FeTiO 3/TiO 2 to TiN evident in nitrogen. Under argon the final product was TiC.
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