Abstract
This work examines the effect of selected process parameters on the diameter of uniform and heterogeneous fibers (with and without bead-on-string structures) and the size of beads obtained during the electrospinning process. A 23 factorial design was performed to determine the influence of the following factors: electrical voltage, flow rate and dynamic viscosity of the poly(vinylpyrrolidone) ethanolic solution. Factorial design enables the analysis of the mathematical relationship between the chosen factors and the response with a minimum number of experiments. The factor having the most significant impact on the size of beaded fibers and beads was the solution viscosity, while the voltage had the greatest influence on the bead-free fiber diameter. The interactions between the studied factors were also analyzed. It was found that the presented method can be used for the design of an optimal and cost-effective electrospinning process, allowing the desired product to be obtained with expected features.
Highlights
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the interest in electrospinning processes has been growing constantly
This work describes the study of the influence of selected factors (flow rate of poly(vinyl pirrolidone) solution, polymer solution viscosity and applied electrical voltage) on the average diameter of fibers and beads that are produced by the electrospinning process
Only four solutions were used in the study and just sixteen experiments were carried out, fiber diameters and bead sizes were obtained for all values between high and low levels of factors
Summary
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the interest in electrospinning processes has been growing constantly. The reason for this is the wide range of diameters possible (i.e., from nanometers to several micrometers) for polymer fibers using this electrostatic method [1,2]. Because of the variety of obtained structures that are possible, electrospun nanofibers find applications in well-established technologies, as well as in new fields of scientific and industrial interest. They are considered to be potentially useful in areas such as nano-
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