Abstract
The effect of supporting electrolytes and temperature on the behavior of dications and radical cations of carotenoids is studied. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of canthaxanthin (I) at 23 and −25 °C show that Car•+ of I has similar stability during the time of the CV scan, when using tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAPC), tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB), or tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAHFP) as supporting electrolyte. However, the stability of Car2+ decreases when using TBAPC or TBATFB; β-carotene (II) shows similar behavior. The CV of I at −25 °C shows a strong cathodic wave (wave 6) near −0.15 V (vs Ag) with an intensity about half that of the neutral oxidation wave when TBAPC or TBATFB is the supporting electrolyte. When TBAHFP is used, wave 6 (ca. −0.05 V vs Ag) is ca. 8 times weaker than when TBAPC or TBATFB is used. This wave results from the reduction of a species that may be a decay product of Car2+ of I. Our results show that these electrolytes commonly used in electrochem...
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