Abstract
Effect of an electric field (Joule heating) on the electrical conductivity of four different systems of polyurethane filled with multiwall carbon nanotube, graphite, Cu particulates, and Cu flakes ranging from 10 to 80 wt%. The effect of filler shape on percolation threshold and maximum conductivity was also discussed. In the Joule effect test, the amount of adhesive resistance and surface temperature of the samples were instantaneously measured. It was observed that all four systems showed a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior upon applying an electric field. Characterization was performed via scanning/transmission electron microscopy, Raman/infrared spectroscopy, and four-probe electrical conductivity measurements. By mathematical modeling, the possibility of rotation of fillers was investigated, based on which mechanisms are proposed for the observed NTC behavior.
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