Effect of effluent recirculation on start-up and steady state operation of the downflow stationary fixed film (DSFF) reactor

Abstract

In this study, the effect of effluent recirculation on the start-up and steady state operation of the DSFF is reported. Recirculation had little effect on start-up; however, the maximum loading rate which could be applied to the reactor was higher at higher rates of effluent recirculation.