Abstract
BackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common problems during pregnancy. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of educational program based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on promoting nutritional behaviors preventing anemia in a pregnant woman in Shiraz city, Iran.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was done on 150 pregnant women (75 experimental and 75 control groups) who were selected using randomly sampling method in in Shiraz city, Iran, in 2020–2021. The educational intervention for the experimental group included six educational sessions for 50 or 55 min-based TPB model. A questionnaire consisted of items about demographic information, TPB constructs (attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms and behavioral intention) was used to measure the nutritional behaviours preventing iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy women before and 3 months after the intervention.ResultsThe results showed that before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention and nutritional performance; however, three months after the educational intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in each of the mentioned variables. For example the mean and standard deviation score of behavioral intention after intervention in the experimental group was significantly increased (25.57 ± 1.66, P = 0.001),and the mean and standard deviation score of performance after intervention in the experimental group was significantly increased (31.03 ± 2.19, P = 0.001), (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAfter the educational intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in of the knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention and nutritional performance. Therefore the results of the study showed positive effect of nutrition educational intervention program base on TPB model on improvement of iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviours in the pregnancy women.
Highlights
Introduction anemia and introduction toAnemia status in pregnancy in Iran and the world statisticsKnowledge, Attitude and Subjective Norms doctor of health education and health pro- lectures, group discussion, educational post- Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women motion and a nutritionist and a gynecologist ers and pamphlets
The sample housewife in the experimental group was (N = 60), The sample housewife in the control group was (N = 59), The sample employed in the experimental group was (N = 10), The sample employed in the control group was (N = 13)
The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and nutritional performance before the educational intervention
Summary
Introduction anemia and introduction toAnemia status in pregnancy in Iran and the world statisticsKnowledge, Attitude and Subjective Norms doctor of health education and health pro- lectures, group discussion, educational post- Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women motion and a nutritionist and a gynecologist ers and pamphlets. Anemia status in pregnancy in Iran and the world statistics. More than two billion people in the world, including more than half of pregnant women suffer from anemia [1, 2]. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in developing. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in the Eastern Mediterranean at 44.2%. The prevalence of anemia in Iranian pregnant women was more than 40% [3]. When the prevalence of anemia in a population reaches more than 40%, it becomes a serious health concern [4]. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common problems during pregnancy [4, 5]
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