Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iran. Since education to prevent the disease is important, this study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniosis among housewives. In this quasi-experimental study, 240 housewives under the coverage of health centers, who lived in the endemic area of Mianshahr, Fasa city, Fars Province, Iran in 2016, were selected (120 people for the experimental group and 120 for the control group). The educational intervention for the experimental group was based on the PRECEDE model, which consists of seven 50-60-minute sessions of lectures, group discussions, role playing, practical displays, and video and PowerPoint displays. These sessions addressed the familiarity with cutaneous leishmaniasis and its different types and carriers, methods of preventing and fighting against it, personal protection, sanitation of the environment and drinking water, spraying of sites, use of mosquito nets, etc. Data were collected before educational intervention and three months after educational intervention. The mean age of the experimental group was 39.24±9.12 years and that of the control group was 38.84±9.28 years. Three months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in knowledge, attitudes, reinforcing factors, enabling factors, and performance compared to the control group. The education based on enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and predisposing factors had a significant effect on the preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis among housewives.
Highlights
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and some animals such as dogs and mice, and is transmitted by sand flies 1
Inclusion criteria: housewives covered by the health home who were willing to participate in the study and had not been diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis
The study results indicated the effectiveness of the interventions based on the PRECEDE model to promote preventive behaviors against cutaneous leishmaniasis among the housewives
Summary
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and some animals such as dogs and mice, and is transmitted by sand flies 1. It occurs in three types: cutaneous (leishmaniasis), visceral (kala-azar), and mucocutaneous. Over 90% of the cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis take place in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Peru 2. According to the reports by the WHO, the disease is associated with an incidence of six major parasitic diseases in tropical areas 3. The disease becomes chronic in 10% of the cases 4. Studies have shown that the increase in cutaneous leishmaniosis incidence is attributed to new settlements, urbanization, agricultural development, migration, improvement of reporting systems, and ecological changes [5,6,7,8]
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