Effect of early skin-to-skin contact on mother–preterm infant interaction through 18 months: Randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background Preterm birth often negatively influences mother–infant interaction. Skin-to-skin contact postbirth has positive effects on maternal feelings toward their preterm infants and on infant development and family interaction. However, little is known about the long-term effects of skin-to-skin contact on mother–late preterm infant interaction when skin-to-skin contact was experienced early postbirth and intermittently throughout the next five days. Objective The purpose of this report was to examine the effect of skin-to-skin contact on mother–late preterm infant interaction through 18 months. Design Randomized controlled trial with follow-up. Setting Two hospitals in the United States of America. Participants 100 mothers and their late preterm infants, 32 to <37 weeks’ gestation, were recruited. Mother–preterm infant interactions were assessed in 69, 70, and 76 dyads at 6, 12, and 18 months. Methods Mothers and their preterm infants were videotaped during a feeding session at 6 and 12 months, and a teaching session at 6, 12, and 18 months. Their interactions were then scored using the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Feeding Scale and Teaching Scale. Results Skin-to-skin contact and control dyads had comparable feeding scores at 6 and 12 months. Skin-to-skin contact infants had lower infant teaching scores at six months, a difference that disappeared thereafter. Conclusions These inconclusive results call for additional studies with larger doses of skin-to-skin contact, larger sample sizes, and other outcome measures of mother–late preterm infant interactions. Such measures include the Parent–Child Early Relational Assessment and behavioral coding during play.