Abstract
As the hydrazine is toxic, the methods to detect hydrazine at low concentrations are essential in scientific research. This preliminary study reported on how to increase the efficiency of ZnO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by adding durian peel ash (DPA) and using three-electrode method. The ZnO/rGO composites were prepared using chemical reaction of graphene oxide (GO) with zinc chloride. The rGO was prepared by the chemical reduction of GO using hydrazine. The properties of the samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Potentiostat/Galvanostat. The results showed that the optimal condition for the composite material was 70%DPA:30%ZnO/rGO with the sensitivity of 222.92 mA/mM·cm2 and the current density up to 116.50 ± 0.95 A/g. The relationship between the current and the hydrazine concentration was I (μA) = 48.69 + 21.91C (mM) with R2 of 0.9870. The minimum concentration of hydrazine solution that the modified electrode can measure was 0.125 mM. The DPA powder can then be used to enhance the hydrazine detection efficiency at low concentrations.
Highlights
Graphene is a single-layer sheet composed of sp2 hybridized atoms [1]
The results showed that the optimal condition for the composite material was 70%durian peel ash (DPA):30%zinc oxide (ZnO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with the sensitivity of 222.92 mA/mM∙cm2 and the current density up to 116.50 ± 0.95 A/g
The average thickness of the as-prepared rGO, which measured from the height profile of the AFM image, is about 1.04 nm, which corresponds to a few layers of rGO compared with the theoretical value of 0.34 nm for monolayer graphene, Figure 1(f)
Summary
Graphene has a large surface area of 2600 m2/g enabling it as a suitable material for various biochemical applications [3]. Conducting polymers were used as the active area on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The unique properties of PEDOT can be employed in several fields: chemical and biochemical sensors, antistatic coatings, electrically switchable windows and polymer lightemitting diodes [5]. Metal hexacyanoferrates (MHCFs) such as NdHCF [6], AgHCF [7], SnHCF [8], CoHCF [9], NiHCF [10], CuHCF [11], etc., have gained much attention because of their particular properties and potential applications [12]. In case of PEDOT, the sensitivity of AgHCF-f-MECNT/PEDOT/GCE was 62.169 μA∙μM−1∙cm−2 and the linear range spans the catechin concentration of 1 to 50 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9819 and the detection limit was 10 M [5]
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