Effect of durian and jackfruit seed starch combination variation on bioethanol content using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Durian and jackfruit seeds are around 5-15% of whole fruit, and only few is utilized as animal feed and generally become waste. Based on the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, durian production in Indonesia reached 1.35 million tons in 2021 and increased by 19.40% compared to 2020. The government issued a policy to encourage the development of renewable energy sources as an alternative to fuel oil because the oil supply will run out in about 12 years. The government targets the use of renewable energy in 2025 to reach 23% by preparing a program to implement the use of bioethanol in motor vehicles and preparing the bioethanol industry in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to get the best seeds combination to produce highest bioethanol content. Research used 50 gram 80 mesh durian and jackfruit seed starch combination and was started with multistage fermentation with addition of Aspergillus niger for 72 hours to produce glucose then continued with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 120 hours to produce ethanol. The next stage was to distill for 6 hours to separate ethanol and water using the boiling point difference principle. The ethanol will be analyzed using refractometer. The highest ethanol content obtained was 20% from a combination of 25% jackfruit and 75% durian seed starch. This ethanol content was higher than the previous research with 100% durian seed starch which was up to 1.61% and for 100% jackfruit seed starch was up to 2.435%.