Abstract
Chemical clastogens have the ability to decrease the cell division rate as well as break chromosomes. A highly controlled coupled transcription-translation sequence is necessary to successfully complete the cycle of interphase and mitosis. Quinacrine fluorescent banding and G-banding are important for mapping the chromosomes and evaluating the effects of chemical agents. Clastogens produce a chromosome deficiency or structural change including a chromosome break, deletion, rearrangement or a change in chromosome number. Extensive damage to the genetic material may result in cell death or biochemical alterations. Clastogens include some alkylating agents, compounds related to nucleic acids, antibiotics, drugs, food additives, acridine dyes, folic acid antagonists, viruses, x-irradiation, ultraviolet light and nutritional deficiencies. Oral contraceptives may cause an increase in triploidy. Steroids influence protein synthesis of target cells and much work needs to be done to evaluate their effects on the expression of genetic material and to better understand the role of clastogens.
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