Effect of Drought Stress and Fe Nano-fertilizer on Seed Yield, Morphological Traits, Essential Oil Percentage and Yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)

Abstract

Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) from parsley family (Apiaceous) is an annual plant. Essential oils of dill are used in various food processing industries, pharmaceutical and health. In this study the effects of iron nano-fertilizer and different levels of irrigation on seed yield, morphological traits, yield and percentage of essential oil of dill were studied. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted at Laboratory, Payam Noor University of Uromia in Iran in 2015. Treatments were including irrigation with 5 levels (5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 days) and nano iron fertilizer in one level (no fertilizer (control) and fertilizer nano-iron the amount of 4 liters per hectare with irrigation water). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of nano Fe and effects of different levels of irrigation was significant on seed yield, morphological traits, yield and percentage of essential oil of dill. Also the interaction effects of nano iron fertilizer and irrigation were significant on morphological traits. Mean comparison showed the highest and lowest seed yield, morphological traits, yield and percentage of essential oil of dill obtained by applying nano iron fertilizer and control treatments (no fertilizer), respectively. The highest percentage of essential oil obtained from moderate drought stress (irrigation 9 days), respectively. The highest seed yield, morphological traits and essential oil percentage and yield achieved by irrigation 5 and 7 days. With increasing irrigation interval and severity of drought stress, studied different traits decreased significantly. According to these results, in order to protect the environment and reducing pollution, can be used nano fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers with high consumption and permanent that it was leading to sustainable agriculture. Also in order to obtaining maximum yield and essential oil percentage of dill irrigation interval of 7 days recommended.