Abstract
This project was funded by the Research Council of Norway. Oxygen uptake through the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration of oxygenated water in humans is not well studied and is debated in the literature. Due to the paramagnetic properties of oxygen and deoxyhemoglobin, MRI as a technique might be able to detect changes in relaxometry values caused by increased oxygen levels in the blood. To assess whether oxygen dissolved in water is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and transported into the bloodstream after oral administration. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Thirty healthy male volunteers age 20-35. 3T/Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) T1 -mapping and multi fast field echo (mFFE) T2 *-mapping. Each volunteer was scanned in two separate sessions. T1 and T2 * maps were acquired repeatedly covering the hepatic portal vein (HPV) and vena cava inferior (VCI, control vein) before and after intake of oxygenated or control water. Assessments were done by placing a region of interest in the HPV and VCI. A mixed linear model was performed to the compare control vs. oxygen group. Drinking caused a mean 1.6% 95% CI (1.1-2.0% P < 0.001) increase in T1 of HPV blood and water oxygenation attributed another 0.70% 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.07-1.3% P = 0.028) increase. Oxygenation did not change T1 in VCI blood. Mean T2 * increased 9.6% 95% CI (1.7-17.5% P = 0.017) after ingestion of oxygenated water and 1.2% 95% CI (-4.3-6.8% P = 0.661) after ingestion of control water. The corresponding changes in VCI blood were not significant. Ingestion of water caused changes in T1 and T2 * of HPV blood compatible with dilution due to water absorption. The effects were enhanced by oxygen. Assessment of oxygen enrichment of HPV blood was not possible due to the dilution effect. 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:720-728.
Highlights
2.1.Usage and transportation of oxygenOxygen is a crucial component for proper metabolic processes in humans
Visual assessment of the relaxation time evolution in study 3 showed an immediate reduction of T1 in the control vessel, vena cava inferior (VCI), a situation that normalized after 14 minutes
The exact physiological effect of drinking oxygenated water remains unknown, it appears clear that the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) levels of ingested beverages do affect hepatic portal vein (HPV) blood composition in a way detectable by MRr in healthy, fasting, male volunteers, presumably by increasing the absorption rate of water
Summary
2.1.Usage and transportation of oxygenOxygen is a crucial component for proper metabolic processes in humans. Tissue utilizes 20 – 30 % of the oxygen that is delivered Factors such as exercise, trauma, and agitation increase the body’s oxygen demand, while sedation and hypothermia are known to reduce the demand [1]. The relationship between sO2 and pO2 is given by the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve HODC [1, 2], which describes the amount of oxygen available under given physiological conditions Since both the potential toxicity of high oxygen levels and the potential tissue death caused by low levels are well-known [4] this will not be discussed in detail in this work. Pulse oximetry or blood gas analysis give direct measurements of oxygen content, they are commonly limited to measuring oxygen at a single, peripheral site Using these techniques to measure oxygen levels in the blood vessels around the GI tract is highly invasive and not suited for human studies
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