Effect of Direct Cold Compress for Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal on Reduction of Local Vascular Complications in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the cardiac catheterization procedures used to diagnose and treat coronary artery disease(CAD). It may lead to local vascular complications after the removal of the femoral arterial sheath, which may contribute to morbidity and mortality, and increase the patient's length of stay and hospital costs. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of direct cold compress for femoral arterial sheath removal on reduction of local vascular complications in patients after PCI. Methods: A randomized controlled trial, post-test only was conducted on patients in the present study. A non-probability (homogenous purposive sample) of (90) patients are involved after PCI (45 patients for the experimental group and 45 patients for the control group). The experimental group exposed to direct cold bag compression for removing the femoral arterial sheath removal. While, the control group exposed for usual nursing care provided for patients in CCU. The study was conducted at Al-Najaf AL Ashraf City/ AL-Najaf Center for Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization. The local vascular complications involved in the present study for both groups are hematoma, bleeding and ecchymosis. Outcomes: The study results indicated that there is a reduction in local vascular complications (hematoma, bleeding, and ecchymosis) for patients after femoral arterial sheath removal in the experimental group compared with those patients in the control group. Conclusion: The present study has been concluded that the using of direct cold bag compress for removing the femoral arterial sheath in patients after PCI is an effective approach in reduction of local vascular complications compared with the control group. Recommends: Based on the results of the present study, the researcher suggests the direct cold bag compress for femoral arterial sheath removal as a nursing intervention to reduce local vascular complications (hematoma, bleeding, and ecchymosis) for patients after PCI.