Abstract
A carbon–aluminum composite layer was prepared on the surface of pure titanium by double glow plasma carburizing, magnetron sputtering aluminizing, and vacuum-diffusional annealing treatment. The microstructure, phase composition, and properties of the composite layer obtained at different annealing temperatures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the ball-on-disc wear method. Results showed that the layer contained a mixture of TiAl3, Ti2Al5, and TiC phases at 650 °C for 6 h, which can significantly enhance the hardness and wear resistance of pure titanium. The layer exhibited a higher hardness of around 1231 HV0.1, a lower friction coefficient of 0.33, and lower wear volumes of 0.018 mm3 than those of the titanium substrate.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in the aerospace, marine, machinery, chemical, biomedical, and petroleum industries due to their low density, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance [1,2].it is difficult for titanium and its alloys to be applied under severe wear and friction conditions because of their low surface hardness, high coefficient of friction, and high tendency to adhesive wear.In most cases, the shortcoming of poor wear resistance severely affects the wide application of titanium alloys [3,4,5]
Guo et al [24] reported that the higher hardness TiC phase and dissociated state of carbon were formed in the carburized layer by double glow plasma carburizing on the surface of the pure titanium
The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) The carbon–aluminum composite layer consisting of TiAl3, Ti2 Al5, and TiC phases can be synthesized on the surface of pure titanium by double glow plasma carburizing, magnetron sputtering aluminizing, and vacuum-diffusional annealing treatment
Summary
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in the aerospace, marine, machinery, chemical, biomedical, and petroleum industries due to their low density, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance [1,2].it is difficult for titanium and its alloys to be applied under severe wear and friction conditions because of their low surface hardness, high coefficient of friction, and high tendency to adhesive wear.In most cases, the shortcoming of poor wear resistance severely affects the wide application of titanium alloys [3,4,5]. Titanium and its alloys are widely used in the aerospace, marine, machinery, chemical, biomedical, and petroleum industries due to their low density, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance [1,2]. It is difficult for titanium and its alloys to be applied under severe wear and friction conditions because of their low surface hardness, high coefficient of friction, and high tendency to adhesive wear. The application of surface treatment technology to improve the wear resistance of titanium and its alloys has become an effective way to solve this problem [6]. Some researchers have prepared Ti–B coating and Ti–Al intermetallic coating on the surface of titanium alloys by laser
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