Abstract
To examine the effect of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) on the developmental ability of mouse embryos, we investigated using the mice from standard and the mtDNA-congenic strain carrying different type of mtDNA under the same nuclear genetic background. When the 2-cell embryos (day 2 after hCG injection) derived from standard strain C57BL/6 (B6) carrying Mus musculus domesticus type mtDNA and from mtDNA-congenic strain C57BL/6.mtSPR (B6-mtSPR) carrying Mus spretus type mtDNA were used to compare the developmental ability in vitro, the percentage of embryos developed to blastocyst of B6-mtSPR strain (34.7%) showed significantly lower than that of B6 strain (93.8%) at day 6 after hCG injection. The results from reciprocal cross mating between B6 and B6-mtSPR to examine the effect of paternal mtDNA indicated that F1 embryos from B6-mtSPR females (38.7%) also exhibited lower developmental ability to blastocysts than those from B6 females (86.7%). When B6 and B6-mtSPR embryos were cultured in the low oxygen (5% O2) condition, development of B6-mtSPR embryos (96.7%) to the blastocyst stage was greatly improved to the level comparable to that of B6 embryos (97.4%). These results suggest that developmental ability of the embryos may be influenced by the type of maternally derived mtDNA through mitochondria respiratory pathway, but a possible involvement of incompativility among nuclear and mitochondrial genome and cytoplasmic factors on preimplantation development still remains to be resolved.
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