Abstract
Literature has reported the synthesis of barium calcium titanates by various synthesis methods such as solid state reaction, co-precipitation and polymer precursors. These compounds are usually obtained using calcium carbonate (CaCO3), barium carbonate (BaCO3) and titanium oxide as starting materials. This study investigated the effect of different starting reagents on the synthesis of Ba0.8Ca0.2TiO3 (BCT) by complex polymerization method (CPM). Two sets of starting precursors were used: titanium citrate, CaCO3 and BaCO3, and titanium citrate and Ba1−x Ca x CO3 solid solution precursor. Samples were crystallized at a temperature range from 400 °C to 700 °C for different time. The obtained powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), and Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectroscopy indicated that the chelation processes of Ba, Ca, Ti and CA ions are very similar. The results showed that the use of CaCO3 and BaCO3 or Ba1−x Ca x CO3 solid solution as precursors does not affect the final properties of BCT powders obtained by CPM.
Highlights
Ceramic materials based on BaTiO3 (BT) exhibit tetragonal phase withferroelectric, piezoelectric and thermoelectric properties at room temperature [1,2]
Ba0.9Ca0.1CO3 was obtained by co-precipitationofbariumandcalciumchloridesusing ammonium carbonate
This study investigated the effect of using different starting materialsonthesynthesisofbariumcalcium titanatebycomplexpolymerization method(CPM)in order to evaluate possible differences in the stability of the polymer resins and the formation of additional phasesincalcinedBCTpowders.Twosetsofstarting precursors were used:titanium citrate, CaCO3 and BaCO3,andtitaniumcitrateand Ba1 xCaxCO3solid solution precursor
Summary
Ceramic materials based on BaTiO3 (BT) exhibit tetragonal phase withferroelectric, piezoelectric and thermoelectric properties at room temperature [1,2]. Itcanbefoundintheliteratureavarietyofchemical routesusedtoobtain BTceramics,suchasPechini precursor route [9,10], hydrothermal [11,12,13], sol–crystal method[14],carbonate–oxalate(COBCT), gel–carbonate (GCBCT) and gel-to-crystallite conversion(GHBCT)[15]andlow-temperaturedirect synthesis (LTDS) [16]. Ba0.9Ca0.1CO3 was obtained by co-precipitationofbariumandcalciumchloridesusing ammonium carbonate. The authors observed higher calcium stoichiometric homogeneity in powders synthesizedfrommixedcarbonatethaninpreparations using barium (BaCO3) and calcium carbonates (CaCO3). This study investigated the effect of using different starting materialsonthesynthesisofbariumcalcium titanatebycomplexpolymerization method(CPM)in order to evaluate possible differences in the stability of the polymer resins and the formation of additional phasesincalcinedBCTpowders.Twosetsofstarting precursors were used:titanium citrate, CaCO3 and BaCO3,andtitaniumcitrateand Ba1 xCaxCO3solid solution precursor
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