Abstract
This paper assesses the effects of exposure to toxic concentrations (1200 to 6000 cells/mL) of the dinoflagellates Prorocentrum lima, Prorocentrum minimum, and Prorocentrum rhathymum and several concentrations of aqueous and organic extracts obtained from the same species (0 to 20 parts per thousand) on the Crassostrea gigas (5–7 mm) proteomic profile. Through comparative proteomic map analyses, several protein spots were detected with different expression levels, of which eight were selected to be identified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analyses. The proteomic response suggests that, after 72 h of exposure to whole cells, the biological functions of C. gigas affected proteins in the immune system, stress response, contractile systems and cytoskeletal activities. The exposure to organic and aqueous extracts mainly showed effects on protein expressions in muscle contraction and cytoskeleton morphology. These results enrich the knowledge on early bivalve developmental stages. Therefore, they may be considered a solid base for new bioassays and/or generation of specific analytical tools that allow for some of the main effects of algal proliferation phenomena on bivalve mollusk development to be monitored, characterized and elucidated.
Highlights
IntroductionPhycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by micro-algae or seaweeds, which are mass molecules of around 300–3500 Da that belong to diverse groups of chemical compounds [1,2]
Introduction published maps and institutional affilPhycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by micro-algae or seaweeds, which are mass molecules of around 300–3500 Da that belong to diverse groups of chemical compounds [1,2]
Mortality of C. gigas Exposed to Prorocentrum Complete Cells or Extracts (Time, Number, and Concentration)
Summary
Phycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by micro-algae or seaweeds, which are mass molecules of around 300–3500 Da that belong to diverse groups of chemical compounds [1,2]. These organic compounds are produced by diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, and other flagellated phytoplankton [1,3]. Of the 5000 phytoplankton species known, about 300 of them are involved in proliferation events [4,5]. These events are natural phenomena characterized by an exponential increase in cell density, as a result of changes in several environmental factors (temperature, salinity, nutrients, ocean acidification, precipitation, etc.). The phytoplankton species mostly involved in these toxic events are dinoflagellates and diatoms
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
