Abstract
Abstract Washing is an important process for surimi production, in which undesirable components in fish mince are removed, while myofibrillar proteins are concentrated. However, dewatering is less effective for some fish species. The use of appropriate salt can be a means to increase dewatering and simultaneously improve the gelling property of surimi. The impact of 0.45% NaCl containing CaCl2 or MgCl2 at various levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mM) as the third washing media on dewatering of washed mince and gel-forming ability of surimi produced from yellowtail barracuda (Sphyraena flavicauda) was investigated. When CaCl2 or MgCl2 was incorporated into the washing media, the contents of Ca or Mg ions in washed mince increased (p < 0.05), whereas the pH of washed mince slightly decreased (p < 0.05). At the same concentration, a higher dewatering of mince was observed when CaCl2 was used, compared with MgCl2 (p < 0.05). Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the stability of myosin decreased when higher concentrations of both salts were used (p < 0.05), while no difference in the stability of actin was obtained. Washing mince with 0.45% NaCl containing 20 mM MgCl2 yielded increases in breaking force of the gel of resulting surimi for both one-step and two-step heating processes by 46% and 33%, respectively, compared with the control (without CaCl2 or MgCl2 incorporation in washing media). The whiteness of the gel slightly decreased when the mince was washed with MgCl2 (p < 0.05). Microstructure revealed that a gel possessing a fine network with improved water-holding capacity was formed when the third media containing 0.45% NaCl and 20 mM MgCl2 was used. The use of 0.45% NaCl containing 20 mM MgCl2 was recommended to increase dewatering efficacy and improve gel strength of surimi from yellowtail barracuda by rendering a fine and ordered gel network.
Highlights
Hybridization is a process that involves the crossbreeding of two animals or plants from the different taxa, to produce a new species (Dunham et al 1987)
At 1 h 40 min after fertilization (AF), eggs developed to the 4-cell stage (Fig. 2b); and later at 2 h 15 min AF, the eggs developed to the 6-cell stage (Fig. 2c)
This study revealed the first record of natural spawning in hybrid TGGG in captivity, since its first report on the successful sex differentiation and gonad maturation by Luin et al (2013)
Summary
Hybridization is a process that involves the crossbreeding of two animals or plants from the different taxa, to produce a new species (Dunham et al 1987). Hybridization is a powerful tool that offers the hope of producing aquatic organisms with valuable traits, where the offspring carries the characteristics of hybrid vigor or positive heterosis. Hybrid groupers have taken the Asian aquaculture industry by storm since 2006, with the first production of hybrid TGGG, a crossbreed between tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and giant grouper (E. lanceolatus). This novel hybrid grouper has gained immediate popularity from aquaculturists and seafood consumers, owing to its production success and premium organoleptic properties, which has led to high commercial value
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