Abstract
The present study provides a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of action of special new phosphate glass (P-glass) systems, having different glass transition temperatures (Tg), in polyamide 66 (PA66). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the Tg of PA66/low Tg P-glass (ILT-1) was significantly shifted to a lower Tg (65 °C), and another transition appeared at high temperature (166 °C). This was supported by a drop in the melting point and the crystallinity of the PA66/ILT-1 hybrid material as detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dielectric spectroscopic investigation on the networks’ molecular level structural variations (Tg and sub-Tg relaxations) agreed very well with the DMA and DSC findings. Contrary to intermediate Tg(IIT-3) and high Tg P-glass (IHT-1) based materials, the PA66/ILT-1 hybrid material showed an evidence of splitting the PA66 Tg relaxations into two peaks, thus confirming a strong interaction between PA66 and ILT-1 (low Tg P-glass). Nevertheless, the three different P-glass compositions did not show any effect on the PA66 sub-Tg relaxations (related to the –NH2 and –OH chain end groups’ motion).
Highlights
Inorganic phosphate-based glass (P-glass) systems have gained increasing interest in the last decade because of their wide variety of applications and tunable properties [1]
The potential of polymer/phosphate glass (P-glass) materials lies behind the ease to tailor the glass transition temperature (Tg ) of P-glass [1] to make them fluidic over a broad range of temperatures in which many polymers melt
The low Tg P-glass composition (i.e., ILT-1) was shown to exhibit a promising flame retardant behavior in polyamide 66 (PA66) at a concentration of up to 15 wt % compared to intermediate (IIT-3) and high (IHT-1) Tg P-glasses; ILT-1 decreased both the peak heat release rate and the total heat amount released from the PA66/ILT-1 hybrid materials as a result of an efficient glassy char layer formation
Summary
Inorganic phosphate-based glass (P-glass) systems have gained increasing interest in the last decade because of their wide variety of applications and tunable properties [1]. The present work follows up on our previous study [5] as to the flame retardant efficiency of special new inorganic phosphate glass (P-glass) compositions, having different Tg in PA66 In this mentioned article, the low Tg P-glass composition (i.e., ILT-1) was shown to exhibit a promising flame retardant behavior in PA66 at a concentration of up to 15 wt % compared to intermediate (IIT-3) and high (IHT-1) Tg P-glasses; ILT-1 decreased both the peak heat release rate and the total heat amount released from the PA66/ILT-1 hybrid materials as a result of an efficient glassy char layer formation. It is worth noting that all tests were conducted on processed materials without any further treatment
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