Effect of different nutritional formulas on postprandial glucose and inflammatory responses in healthy subjects and impaired fasting glucose (IFG)

Abstract

Evaluation of postprandial glycemic and inflammatory response to four nutritional feeds with different macronutrient and fiber composition. This study was designed to a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial. We measured glucose, insulin and several inflammatory maker, such as Free Fatty Acids, TNF‐α, sICAM‐1, NF‐κB and IL‐6. Plasma and mononuclear cells were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180 min after the consumption of each products and placebo(glucose) in 8 healthy and 8 impaired fasting glucose(IFG) subjects. The fasting plasma glucose, insulin and inflammatory maker in IFG patients were higher than healthy subjects. In the postprandial challenge, the formula having high fiber contents significantly was low in peak glucose concentration (p>0.0001), IAUC, excursion, peak height (p<0.05) compared to glucose, whereas there were no differences in the mean insulin response. We noted significant increases in plasma IL‐6 concentrations at 180min after after the consumption of each products and placebo(glucose) in 8 healthy and 8 IFG subjects(p<0.05). Postprandial plasma TNF‐α, FFA, sICAM‐1 concentrations was not affected by food intake. Special nutritional formulas having high fiber improve glycemic response in healthy and IGF subjects. Plasma cytokine levels in IGF patients were higher than healthy subjects.