Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the productivity of wheat under different levels of phosphorus and method of application at Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Experiment was laid out in a RCBD (factorial) with three replications. The treatments were four phosphorus levels (P1 = 0 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen, P2 = 30 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen, P3 = 60 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen and P4 = 90 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen) and two placement methods (A1 = Drilling method and A2 = Broadcast method). The statistical analysis of phosphorus levels and placement exhibited significant differences to the maturity days, plant height, tiller production, spike length, grains per spike, seed index, harvest index and grain yield ha–1. However, the interactions of P levels and placement in all crop characters were non-significant except the grain yield/ha–1. The results revealed that application of 90 kg P ha–1 prolonged 143 days for maturity, taller plants (100.16 cm), more tiller plant–1 (13.50), lengthy spikes (12.83 cm), more grains spike–1 (51.33), heavier seed index (48.16 g), better harvest index (50.82%) and satisfactory grain yield (4240.50 Kg?ha–1). The unit increase in grain yield was positively correlated with the increased values of observed crop parameters by extending the values of maturity r = 0.85, plant height r = 0.94, tillers plant r = 0.96, spike length r = 0.95, grains spik–1 r = 0.97, seed index r = 0.95 and harvest index r = 0.97. It was concluded that 90 kg P ha–1 was superior level of phosphorus if, applied with seed drilling for obtaining satisfactory grain yield of wheat crop.
Highlights
Phosphorous (P) is the second essential plant nutrient required by plant in large quantity after Nitrogen (N) for growth [1]
The required amount of P for wheat crop is more as compared to other crops [3]; the recovery is as low as 15% - 20% of the applied P, while the remaining is fixed as insoluble P in soils matrix
Seed index and harvesting of seed: Seed index were calculated by weight of 1000 grains of wheat from each treatment, harvest index were calculated by using the formula
Summary
Phosphorous (P) is the second essential plant nutrient required by plant in large quantity after Nitrogen (N) for growth [1]. P fertilizers increase wheat yield with the increasing rates of phosphorus [7]. Many research revealed that application of phosphorus to wheat crop significantly increased the plant height, number of tillers plant−1, straw and grain yield over control [2] [10] [11]. The improved growth of wheat depends on the source of phosphorus in soil and rate of application [12] [13]. Seed placement and side-banding of P fertilizer rates are efficient for grain yield increase [14] [15]. In addition the banding application of phosphorous is appropriate for the improvement of plant height, shoots and roots in wheat [13]. Keeping in view the importance of P as an important nutrition for wheat, the present study was conducted
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