Effect of different fractions of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) on glucose metabolism, in vivo and in vitro

Abstract

• Chia oil recovered glycolysis enzymes, glucose tolerance and AKT phosphorylation. • Chia oil and flour decreased adiposity and increased AMPK gene expression. • Chia hydrolyzed phenolics did not improve AKT phosphorylation of protein in HepG2 cells. • Chia hydrolyzed phenolics decreased glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes in vitro. The influence of chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) flour and oil on glucose metabolism (GM) in insulin resistant (IR) Wistar rats and the effect of chia hydrolyzed phenolics extract (CHPE) on GM in IR HepG2 cells were evaluated. In vivo study: animals were divided into four groups: AIN-93M, high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF), HFHF with chia flour (14.7%) or chia oil (4%). In vitro study: IR HepG2 cells were treated with CHPE (80 ppm). In vivo , chia flour and oil reduced adiposity and increased AMPK mRNA. Chia oil improved glucose tolerance, increased AKT1[pS473] protein level, mRNA of insulin receptor, FOXO1 and glycolysis enzymes. In vitro , CHPE decreased gluconeogenesis enzymes mRNA. Chia flour and oil decreased adiposity, but only chia oil was able to improve glucose tolerance and restore energy fuel system in liver of rats fed HFHF diet. CHPE decreased mRNA levels of gluconeogenesis enzymes.