Effect of Different Fertilization Rates on Cyanogen and Foliage and Tuber Yields of Cassava

Achara Lukkananukool,Min Aung,Win Mi Htwe,Yin Yin Kyawt

doi:10.30560/as.v2n1p304

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different fertilization rates on the cyanogen and yields of cassava foliage and tuber. Nine fertilization rates, three nitrogen and potassium levels (N: 0, 50, 100 kg/ha and K: 0, 100, 250 kg/ha, respectively) with constant phosphorus level (P: 50 kg/ha) (F-0:N0-P50-K0, F-1:N0-P50-K100, F-2:N0-P50-K250, F-3:N50-P50-K0, F-4:N50-P50-K100, F-5:N50-P50-K250, F-6:N100-P50-K0, F-7:N100-P50-K100, F-8:N100-P50-K250), were applied in the randomized completely block design. After one year experiment, cassava foliage and tuber were harvested, and determined the yields and cyanogen (HCNp) content. The lowest (P < 0.05) HCNp contents and the highest (P < 0.05) foliage, tuber and protein yields were observed in cassava applied with F-4 (N50-P50-K100) and F-5 (N50-P50-K250) in compare with other fertilization rates. Regarding growth characteristics, the plant height (P < 0.05) was also highest in cassava fertilized by F-4 (N50-P50-K100) and F-5 (N50-P50-K250), whereas the leaf numbers per plant and branches number per plant were highest in cassava applied with F-5 (N50-P50-K250) and F-7 (N100-P50-K100), respectively. It could be recommended that the nitrogen (N: 50 kg/ha) and potassium (K: 100-250 kg/ha) should be used to reduce cyanogen contents for safe utilization and increased cassava foliage and tuber yields.

Highlights

Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is one of the important crops in tropical regions of the world and cassava tubers are very rich in carbohydrates, a major source of energy
The lowest (P < 0.05) hydrocyanic acid potential (HCNp) contents and the highest (P < 0.05) foliage, tuber and protein yields were observed in cassava applied with F-4 (N50-P50-K100) and F-5 (N50-P50-K250) in compare with other fertilization rates
It could be recommended that the nitrogen (N: 50 kg/ha) and potassium (K: 100-250 kg/ha) should be used to reduce cyanogen contents for safe utilization and increased cassava foliage and tuber yields

Summary

Introduction

Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is one of the important crops in tropical regions of the world and cassava tubers are very rich in carbohydrates, a major source of energy. Cassava tubers are used as human food, animal feed and industrial raw material (Nambisan, 2010). The major constraint with the use of cassava foliage as animal feed is the risk of hydrocyanic acid potential (HCNp) toxicity (Gomez et al, 1980). Despite its availability and high CP content, there was little interest until recently to utilize fresh cassava foliage in ruminant feeding. This reluctance is probably related to the possibilities of cyanide toxicity

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