Abstract
In this study, Raman spectroscopy was employed in order to provide information about the effects of different doses of creatine on bone tissue composition of phosphate apatite (960 cm–1), carbonate apatite (1170 cm–1) representing the mineral content and collagen matrix (amide I, 1665 cm–1). The animals (27 Balb-C male) were divided into three groups (n═ per group): control (CON), supplemented with 0.5 g/kg (Cre-0.5) and with 2.0 g/kg (Cre-2.0) creatine. The experiment was carried out for thirty days. After this time, the right femur of each animal was harvested. The specimens were assessment by FT-Raman spectroscopy and in a total of 81 spectra were acquired in the medial diaphysis of the femur. The Raman data strongly suggest that only the creatine supplementation of 0.5 g/kg effective to the bone constitution. Furthermore, the present results demonstrate that creatine ingestion provokes decrease in the relative presence of carbonate in the chemical constitution of bones. The decrease in the carbonate content can be associated to a significantly bone resistance altered to several mammalians. The analysis evidenced that the mineral concentrations in the Raman spectroscopy could be a feasible method for non-invasive or minimally invasive assessment of bone tissue composition. Probably this high sensitivity can be employed to determine spectral profiles, such as wavelength of maximum absorption and maximum intensity of absorption of each wavelength, of several bone diseases.
Highlights
Several athletes and physical activity practitioners, have used creatine (Cr) (Fig. 1) supplementation because of a number of benefits that it can bring
It is interesting to note that the carbonate/phosphate ratio is higher to the animals treated with supplement that has higher quantity of creatine, allowing to infer that the absorption of creatine is not directly proportional to the creatine quantity administrated to the individuals
The present data strongly suggest that creatine supplementation needs to be controlated in order to promote effective results on the bone constitution
Summary
Several athletes and physical activity practitioners, have used creatine (Cr) (Fig. 1) supplementation because of a number of benefits that it can bring. Creatine (Cr) was identified in 1832 by Michel Eugene. H. Miranda et al / The effect of creatine in the bone. Chevreul, who discovered that this organic compound is a relevant component of the skeletal muscle. Creatine (Cr) supplementation became a popular ergogenic aid to increase exercise performance. Studies have shown several benefits of creatine supplementation, such as increased muscle power [15,34], increased fat-free mass [2,23,31] and increase strength in healthy subjects [29]. The benefits of Cr supplementation on exercise performance have been extended as a possible therapeutic agent in the treatment of disease conditions [16]
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