Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different dietary selenium (Se) sources on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota, and molecular responses of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Four Se sources (sodium selenite, L-selenomethionine, selenium yeast, or Se nanoparticles) were added to purified diets to 0.4 mg Se/kg diet for shrimp ( 1.60 ± 0.14 g ). Each treatment was randomly assigned to 3 replicated tanks and 30 shrimp in each tank (500 L). After 8 weeks of breeding, L-selenomethionine and selenium yeast significantly increased weight gain compared with sodium selenite treatment, while sodium selenite significantly decreased the shrimp hepatosomatic index compared with the other groups. The L-selenomethionine significantly increased the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the hepatopancreas compared with the shrimp fed sodium selenite and decreased catalase activity and malondialdehyde content compared with other groups. The composition and β-diversity of gut microbiota were markedly changed in each group. The abundances of Rubrobacter and Rubritalea, Winogradskyella and Motilimonas, and Photobacterium in the gut microbiota were specially altered by L-selenomethionine, Se yeast, and Se nanoparticles, respectively. The sodium selenite group showed lower complexity of gut interspecies interactions. RNA-seq analysis showed that “arachidonic acid metabolism”-related genes were significantly enriched in the L-selenomethionine and Se yeast groups; “peroxisome” and “drug metabolism–other enzymes”-related genes were enriched in the Se nanoparticle group. Vibrio, Motilimonas, and Photobacterium were associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism. Pseudoalteromonas, Silicimonas, Roseovarius, and Halomonas inhibited the expression of glutathione peroxidase genes. These results suggested that organic Se, especially selenomethionine, is an effective feed supplement to promote growth and antioxidant capacity, maintain the health of gut microbiota, and promote the utilization of fatty acid and glutathione peroxidase genes in shrimp fed a 0.4 mg Se/kg diet.
Highlights
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that maintains physiological activities in animals
The use of organic Se in dietary supplements has been reported in the crucian carp Carassius auratus [14] and other aquatic animals [15]
The Venn diagram showed that 89 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) were shared by all samples, and 8, 16, 7, and 18 OTUs existed in the Na2SeO3, SeMet, Se yeast, and SeNPs groups, respectively (Figure 3(a))
Summary
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that maintains physiological activities in animals. Several selenoproteins and selenoenzymes are biosynthesized through selenocysteine to protect cells and cellular components from oxidative damage [1,2,3]. Sodium selenite is widely used to meet the Se requirement [9]. The use of organic Se in dietary supplements has been reported in the crucian carp Carassius auratus [14] and other aquatic animals [15]. Organic Se is retained in the tissue, so it is less toxic to animals than inorganic Se [16]. Compared with other Se sources, Se nanoparticles are highly effective and have low toxicity. Dietary Se deficiency can reduce growth performance and weaken the immunity of L. vannamei [19]. Appropriate Se supplementation promotes growth, antioxidant performance, tissue repair, and amino acid utilization and reduces the adverse effect on endoplasmic reticulum stress in L. vannamei [22]. Four Se sources were used in diet formulation, and hepatopancreas transcriptomics and gut microbiota were used to explore the physiological regulation and biomarkers of the Se source in L. vannamei
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