Abstract
The increased consumption of citrus sweets can contribute to the development of erosive tooth wear (ETW).ObjectiveThis in vitro study evaluated the erosive potential of citrus sweets on bovine enamel samples regarding the quantification of wear.MethodologyNinety bovine crowns were prepared and samples were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n=15): 0.1% citric acid solution (pH 2.5); Coca-Cola ® Soft Drink (pH 2.6); Fini ® Diet (lactic and citric acid, pH 3.3); Fini ® Jelly Kisses (lactic and citric acid, pH 3.5); Fini ® Fruit Salad Bubblegum (maleic acid, pH 2.6); Fini ® Regaliz Acid Tubes (maleic and citric acid, pH 3.1). Sweets were dissolved in the proportion of 40 g/250 mL of deionized water. Enamel samples were submitted to erosive challenges for 7 days (4 daily acid immersion cycles for 90 s each). Enamel wear was measured using contact profilometry (μm), and data (median values [interquartile range]) were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn’s test (p<0.0001).ResultsAll citrus sweets tested present a high erosive potential, Fini Diet ® (2.4 [1.2]) and Fini Regaliz Tubs ® (2.2 [0.5]) show the highest erosive potential, similar to 0.1% citric acid (2.3 [0.7]); Fini Regaliz Tubs ® is more erosive than Coca-Cola ® (1.4 [0.9]).ConclusionThe evaluated citrus sweets have great erosive potential and play a key role in the development of ETW.
Highlights
Tooth erosion is a well-known condition of tooth wear caused by exposure to acid that has a multifactorial etiology, involving chemical, biological, and behavioral factors
Considering that children and young people are the main consumers of citrus sweets and that the prevalence of tooth erosion is significant at this stage of life, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of citrus sweets on the development of erosive enamel wear, by comparing these sweets to known erosive agents in vitro
Our results suggest that sweets containing citric acid combined with other acid tend to be more erosive than those containing only maleic acid, regardless of the pH values
Summary
Tooth erosion is a well-known condition of tooth wear caused by exposure to acid (erosive tooth wear - ETW) that has a multifactorial etiology, involving chemical, biological, and behavioral factors. It starts as tooth softening and further progresses into wear, due to the cumulative effects of erosive challenges associated with mechanical forces such as abrasion and attrition. Sensitivity to pain, poor functioning and aesthetics, and inflammation of the dental pulp are examples of consequences of ETW.2Interest in this topic has grown exponentially among researchers and clinicians due to its increasing prevalence, especially among children and young people, and its severity, which tends to increase with increasing age. Tschammler, et al. (2016) showed that the prevalence of tooth erosion increased from 25% to 50% in 10 years among 3-6-year-old German children. This finding corroborates systematic reviews that have shown a prevalence of such condition of about 50% in deciduous dentition, and of 30% in permanent dentition. The most alarming finding is that erosion in deciduous dentition increases about four times the chance its development in permanent dentition; and, even in permanent dentition, the likelihood for erosion progression is higher among individuals with previous experience than among those who have never had this condition.. Sensitivity to pain, poor functioning and aesthetics, and inflammation of the dental pulp are examples of consequences of ETW.2 Interest in this topic has grown exponentially among researchers and clinicians due to its increasing prevalence, especially among children and young people, and its severity, which tends to increase with increasing age.. Tschammler, et al. (2016) showed that the prevalence of tooth erosion increased from 25% to 50% in 10 years among 3-6-year-old German children.. Tschammler, et al. (2016) showed that the prevalence of tooth erosion increased from 25% to 50% in 10 years among 3-6-year-old German children.6 This finding corroborates systematic reviews that have shown a prevalence of such condition of about 50% in deciduous dentition, and of 30% in permanent dentition..
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