Effect of different carbon materials on the structure and glass crystallization temperature, wettability, and expansion coefficient properties of glass

Abstract

Bismuthate glasses have garnered increasing attention in the fields of optics, packaging, and electronic pastes due to their remarkable stability and high visible light transmission. Nevertheless, high sealing temperature, high expansion coefficient, and poor wettability remain significant challenges in their application. Herein, we report a carefully designed approach that begins with bismuthate glasses of well-defined composition and coats them with various carbon materials to form different C@aminated glass composites by hydrothermal synthesis. This work investigates the effects of different carbon materials on the glass structure and properties, such as melting temperature, crystallinity, wettability, and expansion coefficient, and establishes the redox reaction mechanism involved in glass crystallization formation. Graphene oxide, with its different number of functional distributions and oxygen content, exhibits the largest decrease in softening point and softening-to-melting point temperature difference, the highest increase in wettability, and the greatest reduction in expansion coefficient compared to other carbon materials. In addition, different carbon materials promote a greater variety and strength of crystallization. GO@glass exhibits the most moderate reactivity and generates a significant amount of crystallization at the interface when co-sintered with Si substrates, indicating that the inclusion of crystalline phases can improve the bond strength of the glass. This work provides new insights into designing high-performance bismuthate glasses and promoting their applications.