Effect of Different Calcination Process and Gd&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; as Impurities on the Different Phases of Bi-Based Superconductor

Ahmad Amirabadizadeh,Hadi Arabi,Sara Memarzadeh,Naser Tajabor

doi:10.4236/wjcmp.2012.23024

Effect of Different Calcination Process and Gd&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; as Impurities on the Different Phases of Bi-Based Superconductor

Ahmad Amirabadizadeh, Hadi Arabi + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4236/wjcmp.2012.23024

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Abstract

In this research two samples of a nominal composition Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox were prepared by the solid state reaction method, using two different routes. Codes A and B are used to refer to the two samples. In preparing sample A, the standard method for calcination was used, while for sample B, the SrCO3 and CaCO3 were calcinated at 1100℃ for 3 h. Calcination was done separately on SrCO3 and CaCO3 in order to eliminate CO2. Then after mixing and grinding, the powder mixtures of Bi2O3, CuO, PbO, SrO and CaO were calcinated at 840℃ for 70 h. Also, the samples (samples C) of nominal compositions Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox+ % x Gd2O3 (% x = 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9) have been synthesized by this method. The XRD and SEM results show that addition of Gd2O3 helps to increase the amount of Bi-2212 phase, while alternative calcination process improves the formation of the Bi-2223 phase. In addition, the AC susceptibility measurements confirm the XRD and SEM results.

Highlights

The Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system exhibits three different superconducting phases of (Bi-Pb)2Sr2CuOx (Bi-2201), (Bi-Pb)2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi-2212) and (Bi-Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223), which show critical temperatures (Tc) of about 10, 80 and 110 K, respectively [1,2,3]
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that addition of Gd2O3 helps to increase the amount of Bi-2212 phase, while alternative calcination process improves the formation of the Bi-2223 phase
In the BSCCO system, the Bi-2212 phase is thermodynamically stable over a wide temperature range and among the three members of the BSCCO family the Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 phases have been the most extensively studied to date

Summary

Introduction

The Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system exhibits three different superconducting phases of (Bi-Pb)2Sr2CuOx (Bi-2201), (Bi-Pb)2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi-2212) and (Bi-Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223), which show critical temperatures (Tc) of about 10, 80 and 110 K, respectively [1,2,3]. In the BSCCO system, the Bi-2212 phase is thermodynamically stable over a wide temperature range and among the three members of the BSCCO family the Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 phases have been the most extensively studied to date. In polycrystalline Bi-based superconducting preparations, these two phases tend to co-exist. Effect of rare earth and some oxide as impurities or substitution of them for Bi and Sr in polycrystalline Bibased superconductor’s properties such as Tc and Jc have been investigated by several researchers [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. General formula of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox + Gd2O3 composites and investigated the addition of these impurities on different phases of Bi-Based superconductor

Different Calcination Process

Addition of Gd2O3 as Impurities

Effect of Different Calcination Process

Conclusion