Effect of different activations of silver nanoparticle irrigants on the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis.

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) irrigating solution alone and following activation with photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), photodynamic therapy (PDT) with indocyanine green (ICG), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and manual dynamic activation (MDA) method for elimination of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canal system. A total of 59 extracted human single-rooted teeth were collected and prepared. E. faecalis was inoculated into the root canals and incubated for 4 weeks. The teeth were then randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 10): the AN group, irrigation with AgNPs alone; the AN/ICG/DL group, irrigation with AgNPs and ICG, then activation with diode laser; the AN/PIPS group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with 0.3 W Er: YAG laser; the AN/MDA group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with tapered gutta-percha; and the AN/PUI group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with ultrasonic. Also, two control groups of irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (n = 5) and no intervention (n = 4) were also used. Samples were collected from the dentinal chips before and after the intervention, and the percentage of reduction in colony count was calculated. A significant reduction in E. faecalis colony count was noted in all groups (P < 0.05). Maximum reduction in colony count was noted in AN/PIPS and AN/PUI groups by 91.03 and 91.29%, respectively. Minimum reduction was noted in the AN group alone. Activation with PUI and PIPS enhanced the efficacy of AgNPs irrigating solution for elimination of E. faecalis from the root canal system. AgNPs activated by ultrasound or PIPS can be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system in endodontic treatment.