Effect of dietary Fatty acids on human lipoprotein metabolism: a comprehensive update.

Esther Ooi,Gerald Watts,P Barrett,Theodore Ng

doi:10.3390/nu7064416

Esther Ooi, Gerald Watts + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064416

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Jun 2, 2015
Citations: 130	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fatty-acid composition regulates lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and may confer CVD benefit. This review updates understanding of the effect of dietary fatty-acids on human lipoprotein metabolism. In elderly participants with hyperlipidemia, high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acids (PUFA) consumption diminished hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion and enhanced TRL to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) conversion. n-3 PUFA also decreased TRL-apoB-48 concentration by decreasing TRL-apoB-48 secretion. High n-6 PUFA intake decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations by up-regulating VLDL lipolysis and uptake. In a study of healthy subjects, the intake of saturated fatty-acids with increased palmitic acid at the sn-2 position was associated with decreased postprandial lipemia. Low medium-chain triglyceride may not appreciably alter TRL metabolism. Replacing carbohydrate with monounsaturated fatty-acids increased TRL catabolism. Trans-fatty-acid decreased LDL and enhanced high-density lipoprotein catabolism. Interactions between APOE genotype and n-3 PUFA in regulating lipid responses were also described. The major advances in understanding the effect of dietary fatty-acids on lipoprotein metabolism has centered on n-3 PUFA. This knowledge emphasizes the importance of regulating lipoprotein metabolism as a mode to improve plasma lipids and potentially CVD risk. Additional studies are required to better characterize the cardiometabolic effects of other dietary fatty-acids.

Highlights

Dyslipidemia is an independent and powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Using a new compartmental model, we investigated the combined effects of weight loss and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acids (PUFA) supplement compared with weight loss alone on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) apoB-48 metabolism in a postprandial, non-steady state setting
A recent study by van Schalkwijk et al examined the effect of 60 g/day of dietary n-6 PUFA (71% linoleic acid) compared with medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA; 69% C8:0 and C10:0) supplementation on fasting lipoprotein profile and metabolism in 12 overweight-obese men using a randomized, double-blind crossover study design [15] (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Dyslipidemia is an independent and powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nutritional and lifestyle modifications are the frontline for the treatment of dyslipidemia to minimize and lower. Current dietary recommendations focus on fatty acids and include reductions in saturated and trans-fatty acids, and an emphasis on consumption of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids [1]. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of these fatty acids is, a priority in contemporary cardiometabolic research. This review updates understanding of the mechanisms of action of individual dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism in hyperlipidemic humans, with a focus on studies that have employed stable isotope tracer methodologies and compartmental modeling (Table 1)

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Saturated Fatty Acids

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

Dietary Fatty Acids and APOE Genotype Interaction

Findings

Conclusions