Abstract
BackgroundThe present study was made to assess the effects of dietary Citrus sinensis peel extract on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, muscle biochemical compositions, profiles of fatty acid and amino acid, and metabolic enzyme status of the freshwater fish Catla catla. The methanolic extract of C. sinensis peel was supplemented with basal diets at 2, 6, and 10 g kg−1 and fed to C. catla for a 45-day experiment period.ResultsFish fed with the different concentrations of C. sinensis peel-supplemented extract showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) improvement in the survival, growth, muscle biochemical compositions, digestive enzyme activities, and profile of amino acids and fatty acids when compared to control. Among these different concentrations, 6 g kg− 1C. sinensis-supplemented diet produced a significantly better performance when compared to other concentrations. Similarly, the insignificant (P > 0.05) difference was observed in the metabolic enzyme activities (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase) in all concentrations of C. sinensis peel-supplemented diet-fed fish. It indicates that the supplemented peel extract did not produce any adverse effect on C. catla.ConclusionThe obtained results suggested that the 6 g kg− 1 of C. sinensis can be supplemented in the diet of C. catla for regulating better survival and growth.
Highlights
The present study was made to assess the effects of dietary Citrus sinensis peel extract on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, muscle biochemical compositions, profiles of fatty acid and amino acid, and metabolic enzyme status of the freshwater fish Catla catla
The present study was aimed to assess the effect of C. sinensis peel extract on the survival, growth, digestive enzyme activities, muscle biochemical compositions, profile of amino acids and fatty acids, and metabolic enzymes of the C. catla
Survival and nutritional index Survival, growth, weight gain, feed intake, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly increased (P 0.05) in the fish fed with 6 g kg− 1 C. sinensis-supplemented diets when compared to other concentrations of C. sinensis and control diet-fed fish
Summary
The present study was made to assess the effects of dietary Citrus sinensis peel extract on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, muscle biochemical compositions, profiles of fatty acid and amino acid, and metabolic enzyme status of the freshwater fish Catla catla. Plant products (leaf, root, stem, bark, etc.) have been used as a natural immunostimulant instead of antibiotics in aquaculture feed formulations due to their eco-friendly and cost-effective properties compared to synthetic drugs. Fruit peels, such as Musa sapientum, Citrus limon, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Shabana et al The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology (2019) 80:51. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of C. sinensis peel extract on the survival, growth, digestive enzyme activities, muscle biochemical compositions, profile of amino acids and fatty acids, and metabolic enzymes of the C. catla
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