Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary acidolysis-oxidized konjac glucomannan (A-OKGM) (0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6%) supplementation on the immunity and expression of immune-related genes in Schizothorax prenanti. After feeding for eight weeks, the serum and guts were used for measurement of biochemical parameters, and immune-related gene expression in the gut were also analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). C-reactive protein and IgM levels were significantly higher in the A-OKGM fed groups than in the control group, regardless of the dosage. The 0.4% and 1.6% A-OKGM groups showed significant up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in the anterior gut. The 0.8% and 1.6% A-OKGM groups also showed significantly enhanced TNFα expression in the mid- and distal guts. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in the anterior gut of fish fed with 0.4% and 1.6% A-OKGM diets was significantly enhanced. The 0.8% and 1.6% A-OKGM diets resulted in significantly increased the expression of IL-1β in the distal gut. Similarly, the interleukin-6 (IL-6) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the 0.4% and 1.6% diet groups were significantly higher in the anterior gut. The 0.8% and 1.6% A-OKGM diet groups showed significant induction of IL-6 gene expression in the distal gut. A-OKGM modified from KGM can act as an immunostimulant to enhance the immunity of S. prenanti.
Highlights
Schizothorax prenanti, known as ‘ya fish’ (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Schizothoracinae), is a cold-water fish endemic to the southwestern part of China
We investigated the effects of acidolysis-oxidized konjac glucomannan (A-oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM)) on the expression of immune related genes in the anterior intestine, mid-intestine, and distal intestine of S. prenanti
The liver index in fish fed with 0.8% A-OKGM was markedly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the control group
Summary
Schizothorax prenanti, known as ‘ya fish’ (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Schizothoracinae), is a cold-water fish endemic to the southwestern part of China. It reproduces mainly in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Hanjiang River. The intestine, as a multifunctional organ, is responsible for nutrition uptake and pathogen recognition When it comes to the immunostimulatory effects of prebiotics, or disease resistance studies, the intestine has received less attention than other immune organs, such as the head, the kidney, and the spleen [2]. We produced oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM), which is an oxidative degradation product of KGM, with higher purity and lower molecular weight. The results have implications for preventing infectious diseases in S. prenanti
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