Abstract
The influence of diet on the water-soluble vitamin composition of skim milk powder and whey protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets was examined. Fifty-one Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into three diets (n = 17) consisting of outdoor grazing of perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), or indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw mid-lactation milk from each group was processed into skim milk powder and further processed to yield micellar casein whey and acid whey. Sweet whey was also produced by renneting of pasteurised whole milk from each system. The water-soluble vitamin profile of each sample was analysed using a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Vitamin B3 and B3-amide concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in TMR-derived samples than in those from CLV and GRS, respectively. Vitamin B1, B2, and B7 concentrations were significantly higher in GRS and CLV-derived samples than those from TMR. Significant differences in vitamins B1, B2, and B3-amide were also observed between protein ingredient types. This study indicates that bovine feeding systems have a significant effect on B vitamin composition across a range of protein ingredient types.
Highlights
IntroductionDairy protein commodities such as skim milk powder (SMP) and derivatives thereof (e.g., whey produced from milk acidification or membrane filtration) are widely used as the primary materials in dairy-based product formulations, in the manufacture of infant milk formula, providing much of the protein, lactose and water-soluble micronutrients required for such formulations
Dairy protein commodities such as skim milk powder (SMP) and derivatives thereof are widely used as the primary materials in dairy-based product formulations, in the manufacture of infant milk formula, providing much of the protein, lactose and water-soluble micronutrients required for such formulations
Average concentrations for each vitamin in SMP at 9.5% total solids and each whey type at 6.5% total solids from each feeding system are shown in Supplementary
Summary
Dairy protein commodities such as skim milk powder (SMP) and derivatives thereof (e.g., whey produced from milk acidification or membrane filtration) are widely used as the primary materials in dairy-based product formulations, in the manufacture of infant milk formula, providing much of the protein, lactose and water-soluble micronutrients required for such formulations. Foods 2020, 9, 578 beverages may become more widespread This may contribute to reducing dependency on palm oil, the production of which is widely recognised as a major environmental issue [3]. Milk and dairy products provide a good dietary source of water-soluble B vitamins, vitamins B2 (riboflavin), B5 (pantothenic acid), and B12 (cobalamin), each with comparatively high bioavailability [7,8,9]. Cobalamin cannot be acquired by humans from most dietary plant sources [11]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
