Effect of diclofenac and antidepressants on the inflammatory response in astrocyte cell culture

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) has a completely separate immune system that communicates with the neurons by small molecules called cytokines. Cytokines are involved in many crucial processes in neuron including cell metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis. It has been reported that cytokine imbalance is involved in the progression of many CNS diseases such as neuropsychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia, autism, and bipolar disorder) and neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease). Here, the effects of diclofenac, different antidepressants (sertraline, venlafaxine, and fluvoxamine), and vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) on IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) change with and without immune challenges with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated in in vitro culture of astrocytes from 2-day-old Swiss-Albino mice. Diclofenac and Sertraline significantly (p < 0.05) improves anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) while suppress (p < 0.05) LPS-induced elevated level of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α) in astrocyte culture. Pyridoxine was not able to reduce (p > 0.05) TNF-α in the astrocyte culture. Antidepressant (sertraline) showed positive effects (increased IL-10 and reduced TNF-α level) possibly through the suppression of Th1 lymphocytes and monocytes and stimulation of Th2 lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. NSAID (diclofenac) showed positive immune regulation effect possibly through the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase enzyme. Based on these findings, it may conclude that, diclofenac and antidepressants (sertraline) may positively contribute in the cytokine production in astrocyte cell culture.