Effect of diagnosis, age, sperm quality, and number of preovulatory follicles on the outcome of multiple cycles of clomiphene citrate-intrauterine insemination

Abstract

Objective: To determine how diagnosis, age, sperm quality, and number of preovulatory follicles affect pregnancy rates when multiple cycles of clomiphene citrate (CC)-IUI are performed. Design: Fifteen-year prospective observational study. Setting: Private infertility clinic. Patient(s): Three thousand, three hundred eighty-one cycles of husband or donor IUI. Intervention(s): Ovulation induction with CC and IUI. Main Outcome Measure(s): Per-cycle pregnancy rate (PR), cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR). Result(s): Pregnancy rates remained constant through four cycles, then fell significantly for diagnoses other than ovulatory dysfunction. Mean PRs for cycles 1–4 were significantly lower for patients with the following characteristics: age ≥43 years, poor semen quality, single preovulatory follicles, and diagnoses other than ovulatory dysfunction. Additional cycles of CC-IUI compensated for low PRs because of age, semen quality, or number of follicles. After four cycles, CPRs were 46% for ovulatory dysfunction; 38% for cervical factor, male factor, and unexplained infertility; 34% for endometriosis; and 26% for tubal factor. After six cycles, CPRs were 65% for ovulation dysfunction, 35% for endometriosis, and unchanged for other diagnoses. Conclusion(s): Clomiphene citrate-intrauterine insemination should be performed for a minimum of four cycles. Additional cycles of CC-IUI can compensate for low pregnancy rates due to age, semen quality, or follicle number in patients with ovulation dysfunction.