Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated endocrine disorder that can clinically impair tissues and organs due to hyperglycemia. One of the areas of concern in diabetes would be the higher amount of medications being consumed by diabetes sufferers that is the corollary of its inevitable complications such as micro-and macro-vascular damages to various organs. Different metabolic pathways are involved in the biotransformation of drugs and toxins, thus their pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic can be affected by DM primarily due to changes in enzymes and drug transporters. On the other hand, different enzymatic pathways are involved in the metabolic processes of substances. While not many human studies are available, several investigations have been carried out in animal models of diabetes, the majority of them being rodents. Given the high prevalence of DM and its important complications, the effect of this disease on the metabolism of some of the toxins and drugs is discussed herein.
Highlights
Being considered as one of the foremost health concerns in the world, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated endocrine disorder which can clinically impair tissues and organs due to hyperglycemia [1]
The results indicated a significant increase in lymphocyte CYP2E1 expression levels in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients compared to controls [24]
There are reports that ascribe the gender-specific changes in cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) proteins to IDDM, albeit such sex differences in a study by Branett et al did not affect the severity of diabetes being induced by STZ in rats; since the levels of hyperkenoemia and hyperglycemia were similar in both male and female animals
Summary
Being considered as one of the foremost health concerns in the world, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated endocrine disorder which can clinically impair tissues and organs due to hyperglycemia [1]. 80,000 native Iranian aged between 25 and 64 were included, among whom 7.7% had diabetes with one-half of them being undiagnosed cases Thereby they concluded that, with the aging of the fairly young population and the developing urbanized society, the prevalence of diabetes would almost certainly increase [5]. A limited number of studies have been published discussing the effect of diabetes on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of drugs [1,2,10,11], but to our knowledge, there are no publications regarding the changes in the metabolism of toxins in this disease far. Given the high prevalence of DM and its important complications, the effect of this disease on the metabolism of some of the toxins and drugs is discussed
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