Abstract
BackgroundEmergence agitation (EA) is one of the most common postoperative complications in children. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine for preventing postoperative agitation in children.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Randomized controlled trials were included. The following outcome measures were evaluated: incidence of EA, number of patients requiring rescue, time to eye-open, time to extubation, time to discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).ResultsWe analyzed 19 trials (1608 patients) that met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, intravenous dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the incidence of EA [risk ratio (RR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.44, P<0.00001). Dexmedetomidine also decreased the incidence of severe pain (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27–0.62, P<0.0001) and requirement of a rescue drug (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18–0.53, P<0.0001). However, compared with placebo, dexmedetomidine increased the time to eye-open by 0.98 min (P = 0.01) and the time to PACU discharge by 4.63 min (P = 0.02). Dexmedetomidine was also compared with midazolam, propofol, ketamine, and fentanyl, among others. No significant difference was found in the incidence of EA for most of these comparisons, with the exception of fentanyl and propofol, where dexmedetomidine was more beneficial.ConclusionsDexmedetomidine was proved effective for preventing EA and for reducing severe pain and the requirement of rescue drugs. It slightly increased the time to eye-open and the time to PACU discharge. Dexmedetomidine was also more beneficial than propofol or fentanyl in preventing EA.
Highlights
Emergence agitation (EA) is a state of nonpurposeful restlessness, noncooperation, and inconsolability
Intravenous dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the incidence of EA [risk ratio (RR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.44, P
Dexmedetomidine decreased the incidence of severe pain (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27–0.62, P
Summary
Emergence agitation (EA) is a state of nonpurposeful restlessness, noncooperation, and inconsolability. It is often accompanied by crying, screaming, thrashing, and disorientation. EA is one of the most common postoperative complications in children, with reported incidences in that population ranging from 10% to 80% [1,2,3]. Many trials have reported on dexmedetomidine for EA prevention, including those that focused on different dosages, different administration routines, and comparisons with other interventions. Emergence agitation (EA) is one of the most common postoperative complications in children. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine for preventing postoperative agitation in children
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