Abstract
Water budgets for 10 small diked marshes in Manitoba, Canada were constructed for each of the 6 ice-free months for 5 years. Water levels in the marshes were maintained at 3 levels by pumping: 4 marshes at the average level of the surrounding marsh, 3 at +30 cm, and 3 at +60 cm. Water levels were assigned so that surface water-ground water relationships were replicated. At normal levels, precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) were the major input and output of water, respectively. Local ground water-surface water relationships accounted for 80% of the variability in water budgets. The fraction of the flooded area of the marsh occupied by emergent vegetation was only weakly related to ET, but as emergent vegetation decreased, ET increased.
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