Abstract
The effects of dentin wetness on the bond strength and adhesive interface morphology of universal adhesives have been investigated using micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Seventy-two human third molars were wet ground to expose flat dentin surfaces. They were divided into three groups according to the air-drying time of the dentin surfaces: 0 (without air drying), 5, and 10 s. The dentin surfaces were then treated with three universal adhesives: G-Premio Bond, Single Bond Universal, and All-Bond Universal in self-etch or etch-and-rinse mode. After composite build up, a μTBS test was performed. One additional tooth was prepared for each group by staining the adhesives with 0.01 wt % of Rhodamine B fluorescent dye for CLSM analysis. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences among the adhesive systems and dentin moisture conditions. An interaction effect was also observed (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA showed that All-Bond Universal was the only material influenced by the wetness of the dentin surfaces. Wetness of the dentin surface is a factor influencing the micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesives.
Highlights
Dental adhesive systems can be classified into two main categories according to their adhesion strategy: “etch-and-rinse” and “self-etch” systems [1,2].Etch-and-rinse adhesives, known as total-etch adhesives, usually use 35% to 37% phosphoric acid to etch enamel and dentin, followed by thorough water rinsing of the etched surface [1].On enamel, the acid removes the smear layer from the enamel surface and demineralizes the superficial hydroxyapatite to reveal the etched enamel prisms [1]
A new version of one-bottle adhesive systems called universal or multi-mode adhesives were introduced on the market. These adhesives are considered to be the last generation of adhesive systems, and can be used as an etch-and-rinse, self-etch, or selective-etch strategy [16]. They have some similarities with one-step self-etch adhesives based on the “all-in-one” concept, but they incorporate the versatility of adapting them to clinical situations by application under different etching modes
This study examined the effects of the wetness of the dentin surface on the immediate micro-tensile bond strength of resin/dentin bonds mediated by universal adhesives used in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes to simulate a clinical application method
Summary
Dental adhesive systems can be classified into two main categories according to their adhesion strategy: “etch-and-rinse” and “self-etch” systems [1,2]. They have some similarities with one-step self-etch adhesives based on the “all-in-one” concept, but they incorporate the versatility of adapting them to clinical situations by application under different etching modes Some of these adhesives, which contain 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) or other organophosphate monomers, have the ability to bond chemically to indirect substrates, such as zirconia, glass ceramic, metal, and composite resin without the use of an additional primer [17]. This study examined the effects of the wetness of the dentin surface on the immediate micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin/dentin bonds mediated by universal adhesives used in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes to simulate a clinical application method. The null hypothesis tested was that the wetness of the dentin surface would not influence the immediate μTBS of the universal adhesives
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