Abstract
In solids, density is an important factor that determines lots of properties such as mechanic behavior. Mechanic properties of materials can be determined by static and dynamic tests. Ultrasonic measurements are one of the non-destructive test methods and are being applied to lots of field for determination of wide range of properties. When literature in wood science reviewed, it’s seen that researches did not make a consensus on the effect of density on ultrasonic wave velocity. Also, propagation length is another issue that has close relations with ultrasonic waves. From this point of view, effects of density and propagation length on ultrasonic longitudinal wave in Oriental beech, Scots pine, Black pine and Turkish red pine woods were investigated in this study. 20x20 cross-cut and 20, 30 and 40mm L direction samples were used to perform measurements. All samples acclimatized at 20±1 °C temperature and 65% relative humidity. Then, ultrasonic measurements performed using OLYMPUS EPOCH 650 flaw detector and 2.25MHz contact type transducers. According to the results, MC of the samples were calculated around 12% and up to 25.49% increase in velocity observed when sample length increased from 20mm to 40mm. Coefficients of determination between density and velocity were ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. Therefore, it’s concluded that both propagation length and density have positive effect on ultrasonic wave velocity in these woods.
Highlights
In the direction of all the facts mentioned above, this study aimed to figure out the effects of density and propagation length on ultrasonic longitudinal wave in wood
Scots pine, Black pine and Turkish red pine and one hardwood, Oriental beech, species were used in this study
Samples were stored in a climate chamber which operated at 20±1 °C temperature and 65% relative humidity to reach around 12% moisture content (MC)
Summary
Discovery of the piezoelectricity in 19th century can be assumed as a milestone for the future developments on material testing. At the beginning of the 20th century, measurement tools such as SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) were unveiled as one of the very first applications of the tools uses the echo-ranging technique. This technique based on receiving the echoes of the transmitted sound signal to acoustic locating the underwater. By the development of technologies, non-destructive characterization of materials by sound transceiving can be used almost all fields. Ultrasonic method is one of the most common used non-destructive testing methods. According to Vun et al (2006) sample preparation is not required for tests and applications is safe and ease of use in terms of application time, attenuation, radiofrequency and domains provide wide area usage of ultrasonic testing
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