Abstract
ABSTRACT In this work, the effect of leaching reagents including (37%) HCl, (68%) HNO3, and NaOH on physical, chemical, and thermal characteristics of wheat straw has been investigated. For this purpose, characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and calorimetry are applied. The maximum percent ash reduction with HCl, HNO3, and NaOH is found to be 92.9, 90.4, and 85.7% at their optimum concentration of 0.6 molar HCl, 0.4 molar HNO3, and 0.2 molar NaOH, respectively. Further, treatment with optimum concentration changed the heating value by 4.1, 3.7, and −4.0%, respectively. TGA showed higher thermal stability of HCl treated samples compared to HNO3 and NaOH. While HCl is found to be an appropriate leaching reagent for demineralization, NaOH has detrimental effects on the physical and chemical structure of wheat straw as also observed from the SEM and FTIR.
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