EFFECT OF DELTAMETHRIN ON LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTION OF CLARIAS LAZERA FISH

Abstract

A total number of 160 apparently healthy male catfish (Clarias lazera)weighed 95-105 gm, and with total length of 21-25 cm were exposedto deltamethrin (DM) concentrations of 0.5 ug/L, for one week, and0.02, and 0.01 ug/L for 4 weeks. Serum and internal organs (liver, andkidney) samples were obtained for the determination of both liver andkidney functions. Liver function tests revealed a non-significantdifference in serum total bilirubin, serum total globulins (S.G.),serum albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, serum triglycerides (TG) level,serum alanine aminotransferase activity (S.ALT), serum alkalinephosphatase activity (S.ALP), and a significant increase in serumalbumin (S.A.), serum total protein (S.T.P.), serum aspartateaminotransferase (S.AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (S.LDH)activities, and a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol andserum total lipids (TL) level, by the exposure to the concentration 0.5ug/L of DM for one week. There was also a significant increase inserum total bilirubin, S. AST, S. ALT, S.ALP, and serum LDHactivities and a significant decrease in S.A. level, S.T.P. , serum A/G ratio, and a non-significant difference in S.G. content, by bothconcentrations 0.01, and 0.02 ug/L of DM. The concentration 0.01ug/L of DM only significantly increased serum cholesterol, TG, andTL levels, while, the concentration 0.02 ug/L significantly decreasedthe serum cholesterol, TG, and TL levels. Liver tissue showed excessof melano-machrophage centers (MMCs), congestion, odema andlymphocytic infiltrations after acute exposure to the concentration 0.5ug/L of DM for one week, while After chronic exposure there werecongestion, hepatocytic degeneration and necrosis which wereaccompanied with excess of MMCs. Kidney function test revealed asignificant increase in serum urea, serum creatinine (S.Cr.) and serumuric acid level by the concentration 0.5 ug/L for one week, and 0.02ug/L for 4 weeks, and only and a significant increase in both urea anduric acid levels by the concentration 0.01 ug/L for 4 weeks. The renaltubules were damaged with congestion of the various glomerular aswell as intertubular blood vessels in addition to several areas ofhemorrhages and lymphocytic infiltration after acute exposures, whilethe posterior kidneys suffered damage of the glomeruli with severaltubular degenerations and necrosis in addition to an excess ofmononuclear cell reactions after the chronic exposure to the highconcentration 0.02 ug/L of DM.