Abstract
Nutrition and maternal behavior are critical factors in fetal development. Maternal water intake is necessary to regulate metabolism and may influence fetal growth. This study aims to determine the effect of dehydration during pregnancy on birth weight and length. This cohort-prospective study took place in the area of Kebon Jeruk District Health Centre. A total of 38 subjects of pregnant women in their second trimester were examined. Subject characteristics were collected through direct measurements and interviews. Urine and blood samples were collected at the sixth trimester (32-34 and 35-37 weeks) to determine hydration status. Nutritional status was collected through food recall, while birth weight and length were obtained from the anthropometric measurements 30 min after birth. From a total of 38 subjects, 20 were dehydrated, and 18 were well hydrated. There was a significant relationship between hydration status and water intake, birth weight and length, head circumference, and chest circumference. After being corrected to the level of water intake, the difference in birth weight and length between the two groups were 500⋅6 g and 0⋅4 cm, and 0⋅8 cm and 1⋅4 cm for the head circumference and chest circumference (P < 0⋅05). It is recommended for mothers to monitor their weight and ensure fluid intake of 3⋅0 l per day. Further research requires more subjects to observe the effects of chronic maternal dehydration on pregnancy output and a cohort study that monitors infant development in the first six months of life.
Highlights
During pregnancy, nutrition and maternal behavior are essential in fetal brain development
A total of 38 subjects with a fixed hydration status were observed until the end of the study, the flowchart of the subject sampling is presented on Figure 1
Differences between nutritional intake and water intake based on hydration status during pregnancy
Summary
Nutrition and maternal behavior are essential in fetal brain development. Maternal physiological and metabolism adaptation throughout pregnancy would impact fetal development[1, 2]. Several studies suggested that maternal diet affects pregnancy output[3, 4]. Another study found that dietary intake and composition are a parameter of maternal and fetal well-being. Lack of retinol intake in dietary composition impacts fetal growth, but not on fetal kidney growth in late pregnancy[6]. Another thing to consider is the fulfillment of nutritional intake during preconception[7]
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