Abstract
(1) Background: This study evaluated the bonding performance of high translucency zirconia after diverse surficial decontamination and cleaning procedures. (2) Methods: High translucency zirconia (LavaTM Esthetic) specimens (2.0 mm × 20 mm × 10 mm) were exposed to different surface treatments prior to bonding to CoCr cylinders (d = 5 mm, height = 3 mm). All surfaces were sandblasted (40 µm aluminum oxide, 2 bar) and treated with alcohol (al), saliva (s), saliva + water (sw), or saliva + NaOCl + water (sn) before bonding was performed with the following adhesive luting systems: RelyXTM Unicem 2 (RX), ScotchbondTM Universal (SBU) + RelyXTM Ultimate (RU) or Monobond Plus (MP) + Multilink® Automix (ML). After 24 h, thermocycling (TC:12,000 × 5 °C/55 °C) and 90 days of storage at 37 °C in distilled water, the shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated according to ISO/TS 11,405:2015. Failure modes along bonding areas were characterized. Means and standard deviations (n = 10 per group) were determined and statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA/Bonferroni (α = 0.05). (3) Results: The SBS after 24 h varied between 3.5 (sRX) and 69.4 MPa (snMP + ML). Values from 0 (sRX) to 70.3 MPa (swRX) were found after TC. Data after 90 days of storage showed the lowest values for sRX (0 MPa) and the highest values for alSBU + RU (75.5 MPa). Adhesive failure was noted at all aging conditions. (4) Conclusions: SBU + RU or RX and MP + ML including saliva decontamination of the ceramic surface with water or NaOCl + water allow efficient bonding to LavaTM Esthetic.
Highlights
Dental restorative materials for single crowns and fixed or partially fixed dentures are intended to mimic the visual nature and function of the original teeth
Data after 90 days of storage showed the lowest values for sRX (0 MPa) and the highest values for alSBU + RelyXTM Ultimate (RU) (75.5 MPa)
Aesthetic demand for high translucency zirconia produced by computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) for monolithic restorations has increased
Summary
Dental restorative materials for single crowns and fixed or partially fixed dentures are intended to mimic the visual nature and function of the original teeth. Silica-based ceramics, e.g., feldspathic (flexural strength ≤ 160 MPa) or lithium disilicate ceramic (≤400 MPa), are predominately utilized for single tooth restorations. Non-silica-based or oxide ceramics, such as high-strength yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP; ≤1200 MPa), are increasingly being used as veneer frameworks or monolithic material to restore and rehabilitate partially edentulous patients. The inferior translucency of standard monolithic zirconia restorations adversely affects their clinical application. Aesthetic demand for high translucency zirconia produced by computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) for monolithic restorations has increased. Improved translucency results from changes in zirconia structure due to an increase in yttria content from 3 to >5 mol %
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