EFFECT OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND EMPAGLIFLOZIN ON BODY WEIGHT, LIPID PROFILE AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with risk factors including weight, lipid profile, and blood pressure. Evidence suggests sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors benefit T2DM patients. This study investigated the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on these risk factors in T2DM patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study at Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan randomized T2DM patients with inadequate glycaemic control. First group received dapagliflozin 5?10 mg and second group received empagliflozin 10-25 mg as add-on therapy to conventional antidiabetic drugs for 12 weeks. The dose was adjusted based on serum blood sugar, with primary endpoints assessing changes in glycaemic control (blood sugar and HbA1c) from baseline. Secondary endpoints included recording additional glycaemic effects (body weight, BMI, lipid profile, and blood pressure) from baseline to endpoint. Results: Both drugs showed excellent tolerability and safety profiles with no major adverse effects. Significant reductions in body weight (empagliflozin 86.7±18 to 78±16.5 Kg, p=0.001; dapagliflozin 89.8±12 to 83±10 Kg, p=0.005), and BMI (empagliflozin 28±5.5 to 26.5±4.2 Kg/m², p=0.003; dapagliflozin 29.6±4.2 to 25.7±5.8 Kg/m², p=0.002) were observed. Both drugs significantly improved glycaemic control, fasting blood sugar (empagliflozin 180±32 to 140±44 mg/dL, p=0.003; dapagliflozin 190±48 to 150±33 mg/dL, p=0.005) and HbA1c (empagliflozin 9.7±2.6 to 7.5±1.8%, p=0.004; dapagliflozin 9.0±1.82 to 7.0±2.2%, p=0.001). Neither drug showed significant improvements in blood pressure or serum lipid profile. Conclusion: Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin have a modest effect on CVD risk factors in T2DM patients. Pak J Physiol 2024;20(2):36-40