Effect of cutting height and genetics on composition, intake, and digestibility of corn silage by beef heifers1

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine the effect of corn genetics and cutting height on the composition and nutritive characteristics of corn silage. An in situ study involving eight commercially available corn hybrids indicated main effects and interactions (P < 0.01) of hybrid and cutting height on NDF, ADF, and starch content and on in situ DM and NDF degradablility. Four ruminally cannulated Angus heifers (initial BW = 378 +/- 3 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square digestion experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Main effects and interactions of hybrid (Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc., hybrids 3335 and 3223) and cutting height (LO = 20.3 cm, and HI = 61 cm) were evaluated. Dietary treatment consisted of 40% chopped alfalfa hay and 60% corn silage. Although corn silage hybrids used were of equivalent maturity at harvest (60% milkline), 3335 treatments had 37.8% starch and 34.8% NDF, whereas 3223 treatments had 33.7% starch and 38.6% NDF. The LO treatments averaged 3.1 percentage units greater in NDF and 3.45 percentage units less in starch content than the HI treatments. Intake of DM was greater for heifers fed 3335-HI than 3335-LO; however, DMI was greater by heifers fed 3223-LO than 3223-HI (hybrid x cutting height interaction, P < 0.05). Starch intake was greater (P < 0.05) and NDF intake was less (P < 0.05) by heifers fed HI vs. LO and fed 3335 vs. 3223 dietary treatments. Digestibility of DM, starch, and NDF was greater (P < 0.05) by heifers fed 3223 than 3335 dietary treatments, but digestibility differences were not observed (P > 0.10) between cutting heights. Rate of in situ DM and starch degradability was not affected (P > 0.10) by hybrid or cutting height; however DM degradability was greater (P < 0.05) for HI than LO corn silage substrates at 8, 16, and 24 h of incubation. Rate of NDF degradability tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for 3223 than for 3335, and for LO compared with HI corn silage. Degradability of NDF was greater (P < 0.05) for 3223 compared with 3335 substrates at 24, 36, and 48 h of incubation. These data suggest fiber may not be an accurate measure of corn silage quality. Whereas cutting height affected chemical composition, we observed genetics to have a greater effect on corn silage quality.