Abstract
Esteya vermicola is an endoparasitic fungus producing lunate conidia, which kill pine wood nematode (PWN), and PWN could cause pine wilt disease (PWD). The aims of this study were to increase production and confirm the resistance (temperature and UV irradiation) of lunate conidia, and further determine the effective concentrations of conidia infecting PWN. In this study, rice was used as a carrier to absorb conidial suspension to propagate conidia. The optimal conditions for lunate conidia production were 25°C temperature, 9days of culture time, 2:1 rice/distilled water ratio and 10% inoculum size. The germination rate of E. vermicola cultured on potato dextrose agar was influenced by UV irradiation, similar to growth on rice. Esteya vermicola cultured on rice under heat stress might be more suitable for application in the field. The concentration (1×108 conidia per ml) to kill PWN had the highest infectivity among the four conidia concentrations tested after 3days of inoculation. This study showed a rice substrate-supported high-quality conidia production and the optimal infectivity concentration of E. vermicola. These results provide the necessary process of an economical and efficient biological control strategy against PWD.
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