Abstract
Investigations were conducted on the stability of lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin during incubation with CuSO4·5H2O. For this purpose, a method for simultaneous determination of lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin stereoisomers by HPLC-DAD and APcI-MS was developed. (all-E)-Lutein, (all-E)-zeaxanthin, and (all-E)-β-cryptoxanthin were baseline separated and identified using chromatographic retention times; UV/Vis absorption spectra and positive mass spectra were compared with literature data. It was found that Cu2+ exhibited a rapid isomerization induction of (all-E)-xanthophylls to their (Z)-isomers exceeding 4/1 mass ratio of Cu2+/pigments, and after the incubation time exceeding 8 h, the concentration of the formation (Z)-xanthophylls decreased, indicating that the Cu2+ also exhibited isomerization of (Z)-isomers. The (13-Z)-lutein and (13′-Z)-lutein were identified as the major (Z)-isomers of (all-E)-lutein treated by Cu2+, and the (9-Z)-zeaxanthin was identified as the major isomerization product of (all-E)-zeaxanthin, and an unidentified (Z)-β-cryptoxanthin was also detected.
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